Paub meej: Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo cov ntaub ntawv tau kawm. Qhov kev sim qhia tau hais tias tom qab kev kho cua sov ntawm 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ thawj tempering + 580 ℃ theem nrab tempering, cov khoom mus txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Performance index. Nws cov qauv yog low-carbon martensite + thim rov qab transformation austenite, nrog lub zog siab, tsis tshua muaj kub toughness thiab haum hardness. Nws ua tau raws li cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hniav loj casting kub kho ntau lawm.
Ntsiab lus: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; martensitic stainless hlau; hniav
Cov hniav loj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv hydropower turbines. Cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov hnyav, thiab lawv raug rau cov dej ntws siab, hnav thiab yaig rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov khoom siv yog xaiv los ntawm ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless hlau nrog zoo txhua yam khoom thiab corrosion kuj. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hydropower thiab lwm yam castings mus rau loj-scale, siab dua yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm stainless hlau cov ntaub ntawv xws li ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Txog rau qhov kawg no, ua ke nrog kev sim ntau lawm ntawm ZG06C r13N i4M o cov hniav loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, los ntawm kev tswj xyuas sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov sib piv thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov txiaj ntsig, qhov ua kom zoo dua qub + ob chav tempering kub. Cov txheej txheem kev kho mob ntawm ZG06C r13N i4M o stainless hlau cov khoom tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov castings uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
1 Internal tswj ntawm tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
ZG06C r13N i4M o cov khoom siv yog cov muaj zog martensitic stainless hlau, uas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab zoo kub tsis zoo cuam tshuam toughness. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tswj hwm sab hauv, xav tau w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, thiab cov ntsiab lus roj tau tswj. Table 1 qhia txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv tswj thiab kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qauv, thiab Table 2 qhia txog kev tswj hwm sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv roj thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv roj.
Table 1 Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (mass feem, %)
| keeb | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| tus qauv yuav tsum tau | ≤ 0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.80 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.025 | 3.5-5.0 Nws | 11.5-13.5 Nws | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Cov khoom xyaw Internal Control | ≤ 0.04 | 0.6-0.9 hli | 1.4-0.7 Nws | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 Nws | 0.5-0.7 hli | ≤0.5 | ≤ 0.040 |
| Txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig | 0.023 ib | 1.0 | 0.57 ib | 0.013 ib | 0.005 ib | 4.61 ib | 13.0 Nws | 0.56 ib | 0.02 ib | 0.035 ib |
Table 2 Gas cov ntsiab lus (ppm)
| gas | H | O | N |
| Internal tswj cov cai | ≤ 2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig | 1.69 ib | 68.6 ib | 119.3 ib |
ZG06C r13N i4M o cov ntaub ntawv tau smelted nyob rau hauv 30 t hluav taws xob rauv, refined nyob rau hauv 25T LF rauv rau alloying, kho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kub, thiab decarburized thiab degassed nyob rau hauv ib tug 25T VOD rauv, yog li tau molten steel nrog ultra-low carbon, Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, siab purity, thiab tsis tshua muaj teeb meem roj cov ntsiab lus. Thaum kawg, txhuas hlau tau siv rau qhov kawg deoxidation kom txo cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlau molten thiab ntxiv cov nplej ntxiv.
2 Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov
2.1 Test Plan
Lub cev casting tau siv los ua lub cev kuaj, qhov ntsuas qhov loj yog 70mm × 70mm × 230mm, thiab kev kho cua sov ua ntej yog softening annealing. Tom qab sab laj cov ntaub ntawv, cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov uas tau xaiv yog: normalizing kub 1 010 ℃, thawj tempering kub 590 ℃ , 605 ℃ , 620 ℃ , theem nrab tempering kub 580 ℃ , thiab cov txheej txheem tempering sib txawv tau siv rau kev sib piv. Cov phiaj xwm sim tau qhia hauv Table 3.
Table 3 Cov phiaj xwm kho cua sov
| Cov phiaj xwm sim | Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem | Pilot tej yaam num |
| A1 | 1010 ℃ Normalizing + 620 ℃ Tempering | Tensile zog Impact toughness HB Bending zog Microstructure |
| A2 | 1 010 ℃ Normalizing + 620 ℃ Tempering + 580 ℃ Tempering | |
| B1 | 1010 ℃ Normalizing + 620 ℃ Tempering | |
| B2 | 1 010 ℃ Normalizing + 620 ℃ Tempering + 580 ℃ Tempering | |
| C1 | 1010 ℃ Normalizing + 620 ℃ Tempering | |
| C2 | 1 010 ℃ Normalizing + 620 ℃ Tempering + 580 ℃ Tempering |
2.2 Kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem
2.2.1 Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas muaj pes tsawg leeg
Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus roj hauv Table 1 thiab Table 2, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus roj yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog kev tswj hwm kev sib xyaw kom zoo.
2.2.2 Kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem
Tom qab kev kho cua sov raws li cov qauv kev sim sib txawv, kev sib piv cov khoom siv sib piv tau ua raws li GB / T228.1-2010, GB / T229-2007, thiab GB / T231.1-2009 tus qauv. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 4 thiab Table 5.
Table 4 Mechanical properties analysis of different heat treatment schemes
| Cov phiaj xwm sim | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/% | Z/% | AKV/J (0 ℃) | Hardness tus nqi HBW |
| txheem | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210-290 : kuv |
| A1 | 526 ib | 786 ib | 21.5 ib | 71 | 168, 160, 168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 ib | 809 ib | 26 | 71 | 142, 143, 139 ib | 247 |
| B1 | 588 ib | 811 ib | 21.5 ib | 71 | 153, 144, 156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 ib | 851 ib | 23 | 71 | 172, 165, 176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 ib | 23 | 71 | 147, 152, 156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 ib | 842 ib | 23.5 Nws | 70 | 147, 141, 139 ib | 263 |
Table 5 Bending test
| Cov phiaj xwm sim | Bending xeem (d = 25, a = 90 °) | kev soj ntsuam |
| B1 | 5.2 × 1.2 hli | Ua tsis tiav |
| B2 | Tsis muaj kab nrib pleb | tsim nyog |
Los ntawm kev sib piv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab: (1) Normalizing + tempering kho cua sov, cov khoom tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv zoo dua qub, qhia tias cov khoom muaj hardenability zoo. (2) Tom qab normalizing kev kho cua sov, lub zog tawm los thiab plasticity (elongation) ntawm ob chav tempering tau zoo dua piv nrog rau ib qho tempering. (3) Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo thiab kev soj ntsuam, kev khoov ntawm B1 normalizing + cov txheej txheem tempering ib leeg yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, thiab kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem B2 tom qab ob chav tempering yog tsim nyog. (4) Los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas ntawm 6 qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, B2 txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ ib leeg tempering + 580 ℃ theem nrab tempering muaj cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, nrog lub zog tawm ntawm 687MPa, elongation ntawm 23%, ib qho kev cuam tshuam toughness ntawm ntau tshaj 160J ntawm 0 ℃, ib tug nruab nrab hardness ntawm 268HB, thiab ib tug tsim nyog dabtsi yog khoov kev ua tau zoo, tag nrho cov ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom.
2.2.3 Metallographic qauv tsom xam
Cov txheej txheem metallographic ntawm cov khoom siv B1 thiab B2 kuaj cov txheej txheem tau txheeb xyuas raws li GB / T13298-1991 tus qauv. Daim duab 1 qhia cov qauv metallographic normalizing + 605 ℃ thawj tempering, thiab daim duab 2 qhia cov qauv metallographic normalizing + thawj tempering + thib ob tempering. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas metallographic thiab kev soj ntsuam, cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm ZG06C r13N i4M o tom qab kev kho cua sov yog qis-carbon lath martensite + thim rov qab austenite. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov qauv metallographic, lath martensite bundles ntawm cov khoom tom qab thawj tempering yog thicker thiab ntev dua. Tom qab qhov thib ob tempering, cov qauv matrix hloov me ntsis, cov qauv martensite kuj yog me ntsis refined, thiab cov qauv zoo li qub; Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo, cov tawm los lub zog thiab plasticity yog txhim kho mus rau ib qho twg.
Daim duab 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + ib tempering microstructure
Daim duab 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + ob zaug tempering metallographic qauv
2.2.4 Kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem
1) Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau lees paub tias ZG06C r13N i4M o cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog hardenability. Los ntawm normalizing + tempering kev kho cua sov, cov khoom tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom zoo; cov yield zog thiab yas khoom (elongation) ntawm ob temperings tom qab normalizing tshav kub kev kho mob yog ntau dua li cov ntawm ib tug tempering.
2) Kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam ua pov thawj tias cov qauv ntawm ZG06C r13N i4M o tom qab normalizing yog martensite, thiab cov qauv tom qab tempering yog low-carbon lath tempered martensite + thim rov qab austenite. Qhov thim rov qab austenite nyob rau hauv cov qauv tempered muaj siab thermal stability thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cuam tshuam cov khoom thiab casting thiab vuam txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom muaj zog, siab yas toughness, tsim nyog hardness, zoo tawg kuj thiab zoo casting thiab vuam zog tom qab kev kho cua sov.
3) Tshawb xyuas cov laj thawj rau kev txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo thib ob ntawm ZG06C r13N i4M o. Tom qab normalizing, cua sov thiab txuag hluav taws xob, ZG06C r13N i4M o cov ntaub ntawv zoo-grained austenite tom qab austenitization, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv qis-carbon martensite tom qab txias txias. Nyob rau hauv thawj tempering, lub supersaturated carbon nyob rau hauv lub martensite precipitates nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm carbides, yog li txo lub zog ntawm cov khoom thiab txhim kho cov yas thiab toughness ntawm cov khoom. Vim yog qhov kub ntawm thawj tempering, thawj tempering tsim zoo heev rov qab austenite ntxiv rau tempered martensite. Cov thim rov qab austenites yog ib feem hloov mus rau hauv martensite thaum lub sij hawm tempering txias, muab tej yam kev mob rau lub nucleation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ruaj khov rov qab austenite generated dua thaum lub sij hawm thib ob tempering txheej txheem. Lub hom phiaj ntawm theem nrab tempering yog kom tau txais kev ruaj khov txaus rov qab austenite. Cov thim rov qab austenites tuaj yeem dhau mus rau theem hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm yas deformation, yog li txhim kho lub zog thiab plasticity ntawm cov khoom. Vim muaj qee qhov xwm txheej, nws tsis tuaj yeem soj ntsuam thiab txheeb xyuas qhov rov qab austenite, yog li qhov kev sim no yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv tshuab thiab microstructure ua cov khoom tshawb fawb tseem ceeb rau kev sib piv.
3 Daim ntawv thov kev tsim khoom
ZG06C r13N i4M o yog cov khoom siv steel hlau uas muaj zog nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Thaum qhov tseeb ntawm cov hniav tau ua tiav, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev tswj hwm sab hauv tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim, thiab cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm theem nrab normalizing + tempering yog siv rau kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3. Tam sim no, kev tsim cov 10 loj hydropower blades tau ua tiav, thiab kev ua tau zoo tau ua tiav tag nrho cov neeg siv khoom. Lawv tau dhau los ntawm tus neeg siv rov tshuaj xyuas thiab tau txais kev soj ntsuam zoo.
Rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev nkhaus hniav, qhov loj contour qhov ntev, tuab ncej taub hau, thiab yooj yim deformation thiab tawg, qee cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kho cua sov:
1) Lub taub hau ncej yog downward thiab cov hniav yog upward. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob thauj khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais los ua kom yooj yim deformation yam tsawg kawg nkaus, raws li pom hauv daim duab 4;
2) xyuas kom meej tias muaj qhov sib txawv loj txaus ntawm cov castings thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov castings thiab cov ntaub qhwv hlau hauv qab phaj kom ua kom txias, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub taub hau tuab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ultrasonic;
3) Lub cua sov theem ntawm lub workpiece yog segmented ntau zaus kom txo tau lub koom haum kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub casting thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv cracking.
Kev ua raws li kev ntsuas kev kho cua sov saum toj no ua kom muaj kev kho cua sov zoo ntawm cov hniav.
Daim duab 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo hniav txheej txheem kev kho cua sov
Daim duab 4 Hniav cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov rau lub tshuab ua kom sov
4 Cov lus xaus
1) Raws li kev tswj xyuas sab hauv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, los ntawm kev sim cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm ZG06C r13N i4M o high-strength stainless hlau cov khoom yog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ thawj tempering + 580 ℃ theem nrab tempering, uas tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov kub tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab txias bending zog ntawm cov khoom siv casting ua tau raws li tus qauv xav tau.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o khoom muaj hardenability zoo. Cov qauv tom qab normalizing + ob zaug tempering cua sov kev kho mob yog ib tug tsawg-carbon lath martensite + thim rov qab austenite nrog kev ua tau zoo, uas muaj lub zog siab, siab yas toughness, tsim nyog hardness, zoo tawg kuj thiab zoo casting thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo.
3) Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ntawm normalizing + ob zaug tempering txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim yog siv rau cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hniav loj, thiab cov khoom siv tag nrho ua tau raws li tus neeg siv cov txheej txheem.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-28-2024
